Surgical Treatment of Oral Fibrous Hyperplasia with Diode Laser: An Integrative Review / Tratamiento Quirúrgico de la Hiperplasia Fibrosa Oral con Láser de Diodo: Una Revisión Integradora

This study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the use of diode lasers in the treatment of oral fibrous hyperplasia in order to observe surgical efficacy, healing process, and main microscopic findings. The following databases-PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature-were searched without regard to the time of year or language. Diode laser treatment cases described in case reports and case series were included, but those who did not undergo microscopic analysis to confirm the diagnosis or who did not provide postoperative information were excluded. Twelve studies (64 patients) were included. Prevalence was observed for females (68.75 %, n=44). In view of the diagnosis, there was a prevalence of focal fibrous hyperplasia (79.68 %, n=51), followed by inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (20.31 %, n=13). For surgical removal, a diode laser was used with a wavelength ranging from 808 to 960 nm, in continuous mode, and an average power of 2830 mW. In general, there were no intercurrences in the trans and postoperative periods and wound healing occurred by second intention, with excellent evolution. High-powered diode lasers can be an excellent therapeutic option for oral hyperplastic lesions. Long-term clinical trials should be conducted to determine laser setting parameters in various oral lesions.

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión integradora sobre el uso del láser de diodo en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia fibrosa oral, con el fin de visualizar la eficacia quirúrgica, el patrón de cicatrización y el análisis de los principales resultados microscópicos. Se realizó una búsqueda sin restricciones de año e idioma en PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science y literatura gris. Se incluyeron reportes de casos y series de casos que brindaron información sobre pacientes diagnosticados con lesiones hiperplásicas orales tratados con láser de diodo, excluyendo aquellos a los que no se les había realizado análisis microscópico para confirmar el diagnóstico, así como aquellos que no brindaron información postoperatoria. Se incluyeron doce estudios (64 pacientes). Se observó prevalencia en el sexo femenino (68,75 %, n=44). Ante el diagnóstico, predominó la hyperplasia fibrosa focal (79,68 %, n=51), seguida de la hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatoria (20,31 %, n=13). Para la remoción quirúrgica se utilizó un láser de diodo con una longitud de onda de 808 a 960 nm, en modo continuo, y una potencia promedio de 2830 mW. En general, no hubo intercurrencias en el trans y postoperatorio y la cicatrización de la herida ocurrió por segunda intención, con excelente evolución. El uso de láseres de diodo de alta potencia puede ser una excelente alternativa terapéutica para las lesiones hiperplásicas orales. Se deben realizar más estudios clínicos a largo plazo para determinar los parámetros de ajuste del láser en diferentes lesiones orales.

Comprehensive prosthodontic treatment of an elderly patient with compromised ridges: a clinical case report / Tratamiento prostodóntico integral de un paciente anciano con proceso alveolar comprometido: informe de un caso clínico

Introduction: The objective of a complete denture prosthesis is restoring aesthetics, comfort, and function by the replacement of missing dental and alveolar structures employing a stable prosthesis. Case Report: Many conditions can complicate the treatment plan and fabrication of a complete denture prosthesis. Complete denture fabrication in clinically compromised conditions is a challenging task for the dentist. In this clinical report, we present comprehensive management of a patient with denture-induced hyperplasia, flabby ridge, and severely resorbed edentulous ridge. The three part strategy for management of the above-mentioned challenges can provide high-quality complete dentures, based on recognized prosthodontic principles. This first part will discuss the management of denture induced hyperplasia by elimination of the inflammation and excision of the lesion. Part two will cover management of the flabby ridge using a modified window technique for the impression of maxillary flabby tissues for an improved and controlled application of the impression material that is usually obtainable in dental practice. Part three highlights the rehabilitation procedure of the resorbed mandibular ridge using a functional impression technique with minimum soft tissue displacement and neutral zone arrangement of teeth to improve stability of the denture. Conclusion: rehabilitation of a patient with denture induced hyperplasia, flabby ridge, and severely resorbed edentulous ridges was successful.

Introducción: El objetivo de una prótesis completa es restaurar la estética, la comodidad y la función mediante el reemplazo de las estructuras dentales y alveolares faltantes empleando una prótesis estable. Case Report: Muchas condiciones pueden complicar el plan de tratamiento y la fabricación de una prótesis completa. La fabricación completa de la dentadura en con-diciones comprometidas clínicamente es una tarea desafiante para el dentista. En este reporte de un caso clínico, presentamos el ma-nejo integral de un paciente con hiperplasia inducida por dentadura postiza, cresta flácida y cresta edéntula severamente reabsorbida. La estrategia de tres partes para el manejo de los desafíos mencionados anteriormente puede proporcionar prótesis completas de alta calidad, basadas en reconocidos principios protésicos. La primera parte discutirá el manejo de la hiperplasia inducida por dentadura postiza mediante la eliminación de la infla-mación y la extirpación de la lesión. La segunda parte cubrirá el manejo de la cresta alveolar flácida utilizando una técnica de ventana modificada para la impresión de tejidos flácidos maxilares para una aplicación mejorada y controlada del material de impresión que generalmente se obtiene en la práctica dental. La tercera parte destaca el procedimiento de rehabilitación del reborde mandibular reabsorbido utilizando una técnica de impresión funcional con un desplazamiento mínimo de los tejidos blandos y una disposición de la zona neutra de los dientes para mejorar la estabilidad de la dentadura. Conclusion: La rehabilitación de un paciente con hiperplasia inducida por dentaduras postizas, cresta flácida y reabsorbida fue exitosa.

Tratamento cirúrgico da limitação de abertura bucal causada por hiperplasia do processo coronoide: relato de caso / Surgical treatment for mouth opening limitation caused by coronoid process hyperplasia: case report

A hiperplasia do processo coronoide é uma condiçãoincomum de etiologia desconhecida que se apresentaclinicamente por meio da limitação de abertura bucal enão possui sintomatologia dolorosa durante a aberturae o fechamento bucal. Objetivo: relatar e discutir, pormeio de um caso cirúrgico, o tratamento da limitaçãode abertura bucal causada por hiperplasia bilateral doprocesso coronoide. Relato de caso: paciente do sexofeminino, com 11 anos de idade, foi encaminhada paraatendimento devido à dificuldade de mastigação emfunção da limitação de abertura bucal, sem históricode trauma em face ou na região articular. O exame tomográficoevidenciou o alongamento bilateral do processocoronoide, fazendo com que ele colidisse com oarco zigomático durante a abertura bucal e causasse otravamento. O tratamento proposto foi a coronoidectomiabilateral com acesso cirúrgico intraoral, obtendono pós-cirúrgico imediato um ganho na abertura bucal.Considerações finais: a coronoidectomia é uma abordagemcirúrgica de fácil acesso por via intraoral, poucotraumática e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com hiperplasiado processo coronoide. (AU)

The coronoid process hyperplasia is an unusual condition of unknown etiology that is presented clinically through mouth opening limitation, without painful symptoms during mouth opening and closure. Objective: to report and discuss, through a surgical case, the treatment of mouth opening limitation caused by bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia. Case report: female patient, 11 years old, referred due to chewing difficulty by mouth opening limitation. No history of trauma in the face or joint area. The tomographic examination showed the bilateral elongation of the coronoid process, causing it to collide with the zygomatic arch during mouth opening, which caused locking. The treatment proposed was bilateral coronoidectomy with intraoral surgical access, which enhanced mouth opening at the immediate postoperative period. Final considerations: coronoidectomy is a surgical approach with easy intraoral access, non-traumatic, and effective in the treatment of patients with coronoid process hyperplasia. (AU)

Bilateral hyperplasia of the coronoid process: clinical case report with unusual presentation and literary review

The formation of a new joint between a pathologically enlarged coronoid process and the body of the malar bone is known as Jacob's disease. hyperplasia of the coronoid process was first described in 1853 by von Langenbeck, and it was not until 1899 when Oscar Jacob described the disease that was named after him. Jacob's disease is an uncommon entity with only a few cases documented in the literature. the condition manifests at first with progressive limitation of the oral opening and facial asymmetry. the pain is infrequent and mainly affects young patients. temporal muscle hyperactivity, cranial trauma, chronic displacement of the ipsilateral temporomandibular joint, endocrine stimuli and genetic alterations have been postulated as possible factors. the definitive diagnosis is by histopathology and it is necessary that bone hyperplasia is confirmed, as well as the presence of cartilage and synovial capsule forming the new joint between the malar bone and the coronoid process. we present a 10-year-old patient with a history of childhood trauma in the left preauricular region. it presented to our service with a history of progressive limitation of the oral opening. computed tomography (CT) revealed an elongation of the bilateral coronoid process, in contact with homolateral zygomatic bone, causing its deformation. surgery under general anesthesia was performed through the intraoral vestibular route. histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Jacob's disease. we review the literature regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Incisão periareolar em zigue-zague para tratamento de ginecomastias / Periareolar zigzag incision as treatment for gynecomastia

Introdução: Ginecomastia é a hipertrofia e hiperplasia benigna da mama masculina. Representa a condição benigna mais frequente da mama masculina. O objetivo é avaliar os resultados estéticos, e satisfação dos pacientes submetidos a uma nova abordagem para o tratamento da ginecomastia, com incisão periareolar em zigue-zague. Métodos: Apresentamos uma casuística de 13 casos de ginecomastia tratados com a técnica periareolar em zigue-zague. Resultados: Todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com a cicatriz camuflada na transição, naturalmente irregular, da pele periareolar com o complexo aréolo mamilar. Não houve complicações na série descrita. Conclusão: A abordagem descrita é uma excelente alternativa para o tratamento das ginecomatias. Proporciona um resultado estético satisfatório, é de fácil execução e tem a vantagem de não deixar estigmas na mama masculina operada.

Introduction: Gynecomastia is a benign hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the male mammary gland, and is considered the most frequent benign condition of the male breast. The objective is to evaluate aesthetic results and satisfaction of patients undergoing a new approach using a periareolar zigzag incision for the treatment of gynecomastia. Methods: We present 13 cases of male gynecomastia treated with a periareolar zigzag incision technique. Results: All patients were satisfied with the scar hidden in the transitional, naturally irregular periareolar skin of the nipple-areolar complex. No complications were observed in this patient series. Conclusion: This approach is an excellent, easy-to-perform surgical alternative for the treatment of gynecomastia, providing a satisfactory cosmetic result without the presence of a stigmatizing scar.

Hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa: caso raro em menina de 11 anos / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: rare case in an 11-year-old girl

A Hiperplasia Estromal Pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) é uma doença benigna caracterizada pela proliferação excessiva de fibroblastos e miofibroblastos, podendo levar a um crescimento mamário importante. A apresentação é rara, em especial ocasionando necessidade de mastectomia em pacientes jovens. O estudo apresentou o relato de caso raro de uma paciente de 11 anos de idade, com hipertrofia mamária de rápida progressão, com necessidade de mastectomia e posteriormente mamoplastia de aumento para completa reinserção social.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a benign disease characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which can lead to significant breast growth. The presentation is rare, especially among young women and cases requiring mastectomy. This report describes a rare case of an 11-year-old female patient with rapidly progressing mammary hypertrophy, who needed mastectomy and then mammoplasty for complete social integration.

Long-term Results after CT-Guided Percutaneous Ethanol Ablation for the Treatment of Hyperfunctioning Adrenal Disorders

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation for benign primary and secondary hyperfunctioning adrenal disorders. METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated the long-term results of nine patients treated with computed tomography-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation: eight subjects who presented with primary adrenal disorders, such as pheochromocytoma, primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and aldosterone-producing adenoma, and one subject with Cushing disease refractory to conventional treatment. Eleven sessions were performed for the nine patients. The patient data were reviewed for the clinical outcome and procedure-related complications over ten years. RESULTS: Patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma had clinical improvement: symptoms recurred in one case 96 months after ethanol ablation, and the other patient was still in remission 110 months later. All patients with pheochromocytoma had clinical improvement but were eventually submitted to surgery for complete remission. No significant clinical improvement was seen in patients with hypercortisolism due to primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia or Cushing disease. Major complications were seen in five of the eleven procedures and included cardiovascular instability and myocardial infarction. Minor complications attributed to sedation were seen in two patients. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography-guided ethanol ablation does not appear to be suitable for the long-term treatment of hyperfunctioning adrenal disorders and is not without risks.

Mandibular condyle repair after partial condylectomy in patients with active condylar hyperplasia / Reparación de cóndilos mandibulares después de condilectomía parcial por hiperplasia condilar activa

The different aspects of unilateral condylar hyperplasia have been studied and continue to be controversial; nevertheless, treatment based on condylectomy has been established as part of the working protocol. The aim of this investigation was to identify the bone repair observed in surgically treated condyles after 1 year using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Nine subjects were included in this study (6 female and 3 male) with an average age of 18.5 years. They had been diagnosed with active unilateral condylar hyperplasia using SPECT, clinical follow-up of progressive facial asymmetry and CBCT. Patients underwent exclusive condylectomy surgery with a piezoelectric system without disc replacement, orthognatic surgery or any other type of adjunct surgical procedure. Later, they were treated orthodontically for dental compensation or as preparation for orthognatic surgery. A CBCT was performed in the first postoperative month and after 1 year from the surgery to analyze variables. The CBCT at 1 month showed a clear and distinct slice of the condyle without defects or irregularities; the distance from the condylar remnant to the articular fossa reached 8.5 mm in the most extreme case. After 1 year, condylar bone remodeling was observed, with areas of lateral and superior curvature and characteristics of normal condyles, with cortical bone present and a maximum distance of 4.5 mm from the condylar fossa. In conclusion, condylar repair and remodeling can be obtained in these types of surgeries and the morphology of resected condyles after 1 year is quite close to normal macroscopic anatomy.

La hiperplasia condilar unilateral ha sido estudiada en diferentes aspectos y continua siendo controversial; aun así, el tratamiento en base a condilectomía se establece como parte del protocolo de trabajo. El objetivo de esta investigación es reconocer la reparación ósea observada en cóndilos operados después de 1 año mediante tomografía computadorizada cone beam (TCCB). Nueve sujetos fueron incluidos en este estudio (6 sexo femenino y 3 sexo masculino) con una edad promedio de 18,5 años; en ellos se realizó el diagnóstico de hiperplasia condilar unilateral activa mediante estudio de SPECT, seguimiento clínico de la asimetría facial progresiva y TCCB. Se realizó la cirugía de condilectomía exclusiva con sistema piezoeléctrico sin reposición de disco, cirugía ortognática u otro tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico adjunto; posteriormente, los pacientes fueron tratados ortodoncicamente para compensación dentaria o para preparación previa a cirugía ortognática. Se realizó TCCB dentro del primer mes postquirúrgico y después de 1 año de realizada la cirugía para análisis de variables. Se observó en la TCCB de 1 mes un corte nítido y neto del cóndilo, sin defectos o irregularidades; la distancia desde el remanente condilar hasta la fosa articular llegó hasta 8,5 mm en el caso máximo. Después de 1 año, se observo remodelación ósea condilar, con áreas de curvatura lateral y superior características de cóndilos normales, con presencia de hueso cortical y con una distancia máxima de 4,5 mm desde la fosa condilar. Se puede concluir que la reparación y remodelación condilar es viable de obtenerse en este tipo de cirugías y que la morfología de cóndilos resecados después de 1 año es bastante próxima de la anatomía macroscópica normal.

Hiperplasia de cóndilo mandibular: reporte de doce casos / Hyperplasia of the mandibular condyle: considerations in a series of 12 patients

Introducción: La hiperplasia condilar (HC) se define como un crecimiento patológico no neoplásico que afecta tanto al tamaño como a la morfología del cóndilo mandibular. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y riesgos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la HC. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, serie de casos. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de HC tratados en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre enero de 2010 y febrero de 2014. Resultados: Doce pacientes fueron operados en nuestra institución por HC. El promedio de edad fue 19,3 ± 3,4 años. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue presencia de asimetría facial. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados con SPECT que evidenció diferencia de captación mayor a 50% ± 3,1% entre ambos cóndilos. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con condilectomía mandibular alta del lado afectado y en 3 casos, se realizó además cirugía ortognática en el mismo tiempo para corrección de maloclusión dental. La mediana de seguimiento fue de meses 16 (5 a 54 meses). En todos los pacientes se evidenció una mejora en la oclusión dental y simetría facial, con desaparición de la disfunción articular previa. Conclusiones: La HC es una entidad de poca frecuencia. La cirugía es eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de la HC.

Introduction: Condylar hiperplasia is defined as a pathological non neoplastic growth which compromises both size and shape of the mandibular condyle and is characterized by progressive facial asymmetry. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and risks of surgical treatment of HC. Material and method: Descriptive study, cohort of cases. All patients between 2010 and February 2014 with diagnosis of condylar hyperplasia at Hospital Clínico P. Universidad Católica de Chile were included. Results: Twelve patients were operated at our institution because of condylar hyperplasia. Age average was 19.3 ± 3.4 years. The most frequent presentation was facial asymmetry. All patients were studied with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with differential intake more than 50 ± 3.1% between both condyles. All patients were treated with mandibular condylectomy of the affected site and in 3 cases orthognatic surgery was performed at the same time of the condylectomy to correct dental malocclusion. Average follow up was 16 months (5 to 54 months). All patients recovered facial symmetry and occlusion with absence of the previous joint dysfunction. Conclusions: Condylar hyperplasia is an unfrequent condition and surgery is efficient and safe for the treatment of the deformity.

Case for diagnosis

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a benign vascular lesion caused by proliferation of endothelium. It is reactive to thrombotic or inflammatory stimuli in the vessel wall.We report the case of a 14-yearold male patient with a violet-colored erythematous tumoral lesion of progressive growth in the occipital region. The diagnosis of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) was confirmed by clinical and histopathological findings. Total lesion exeresis was performed with no recurrence up to date. IPEH presents clinical importance due to its clinical and histological resemblance to angiosarcoma. In order to differentiate it from angiosarcoma, distinguishing features of the benign disease should be considered, such as lack of cellular atypia and rare mitotic activity.Prognosis is good.

Hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa nodular gigante de la mama / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (pash) of the breast

La hiperplasia pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) es una lesión proliferativa benigna de la mama, poco frecuente, caracterizada por la existencia de lagos pseudovasculares embebidos en una gran proliferación del estroma mamario. Probablemente, el desarrollo de la PASH tenga una influencia hormonal, por lo que típicamente se diagnostica en mujeres en edad fértil. La PASH es un hallazgo histopatológico casual en las piezas quirúrgicas y biopsias mamarias realizadas por otra patología. La presentación clínica en forma de masa palpable es poco frecuente. El principal diagnóstico diferencial debe realizarse con el angiosarcoma de bajo grado. El tratamiento de la PASH nodular es una correcta exéresis quirúrgica asegurando borde sano amplio. El pronóstico es excelente, con un mínimo riesgo de recidiva si se realiza una adecuada cirugía. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 37 años que acude a consulta por un nódulo mamario de crecimiento rápido.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a rare benign proliferative mesenchymal lesion characterized by the presence of open slit like spaces embedded in a hyalinized fibrous stroma. The development of PASH is probably subject to hormonal influence so it typically affects women in the reproductive age group. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is frequently an incidental histologic finding in breast surgeries or biopsies performed for other injuries. In rare cases, it presents as a localized breast mass. The most important differential diagnosis is low-grade angiosarcoma. Tumorous PASH is treated by local surgical excision with clear margins. The prognosis is excellent, with minimal risk of recurrence after adequate surgery. The presented case was a 37-years-old woman who was admitted with a rapidly growing breast tumor.

Adenotonsillectomy in facial growing patients: spontaneous dental effects / Adenotonsilectomia em pacientes na fase de crescimento facial: efeitos dentários espontâneos

Children with hypertrophic tonsils and adenoids may have adverse effects on dental occlusion, which tend to worsen during the growth period. Diagnosis and early treatment is essential. AIM: Prospective clinical study to compare the cephalometric measurements before and after adenotonsillectomy in mouth breathing patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We had 38 patients of both genders, aged between 7 and 11 years in our sample, broken down into: oral group, 18 patients with obstructive hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil and/or palate grade 3 or 4; control group, 20 patients with normal breathing. Angular and linear dental measurements were compared between the groups in a 14 months interval. We used the "t" Student and Wilcoxon tests for unpaired samples, at 5 percent significance, for statistical purposes. RESULTS: The sagittal position and axial angle of the lower incisors increased significantly in the group with oral breathing, the sagittal position of the upper incisors increased significantly in the oral group, which still had a significant increase in overbite. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillectomy was very effective in improving some dental measurements, with benefits to growing patients preventing malocclusions from becoming difficult to treat or permanent.

Crianças com tonsilas e adenoides hipertróficas podem apresentar efeitos desfavoráveis na oclusão dentária, que tendem a agravar no período de crescimento, tornando imprescindível seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. OBJETIVO: Este estudo clínico prospectivo comparou medidas cefalométricas dos incisivos antes e após a adenotonsilectomia, em respiradores orais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra foi de 38 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, entre 7 e 11 anos, dividida em: grupo oral, com 18 pacientes com hipertrofia obstrutiva da tonsila faríngea e/ou palatinas grau 3 ou 4; grupo controle, com 20 pacientes com respiração nasal. Medidas dentárias angulares e lineares foram comparadas entre os grupos, antes e após adenotonsilectomia, em um intervalo de 14 meses. A análise estatística utilizou os testes t-Student e Wilcoxon para amostras não pareadas, ao nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: A inclinação axial e a posição sagital dos incisivos inferiores aumentaram significativamente no grupo com respiração oral; o posicionamento sagital dos incisivos superiores aumentou significativamente no grupo oral, que ainda obteve aumento significativo de sobremordida. CONCLUSÃO: A adenoamigdalectomia se mostrou bastante eficaz na melhora de algumas medidas dentárias, com benefícios aos pacientes em crescimento, prevenindo que más oclusões dentárias tenham difícil tratamento ou se tornem definitivas.

Reconstrução mamária imediata após ressecção de hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa em adolescente de 13 anos / Immediate breast reconstruction after resection of pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia in a 13-year-old teenager

A hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa é uma patologia mamária benigna, caracterizada pelaproliferação anormal do estroma mamário. Foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1986 e poucoscasos foram publicados desde então. Foi apresentado o caso de uma adolescente de 13 anos comum tumor que acometia todos os quadrantes mamários, sem linfonodomegalias. A ressonânciamagnética mamária visualizou nódulo oval, com margem lisa, categorizada como BI-RADS® 3.Foi realizada core biópsia, e os exames histopatológico e imunoistoquímico mostraram tratar-sede hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de hiperplasiaestromal pseudoangiomatosa tratado por mastectomia simples e reconstrução imediatacom expansor. O exame anatomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de hiperplasia estromalpseudoangiomatosa. A troca do expansor pelo implante mamário definitivo ocorreu após 12 mesesda mastectomia, assim como a confecção do complexo areolopapilar. A paciente encontra-seviva e sem evidência de doença após 18 meses do diagnóstico.

Pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia is benign breast pathology, characterized by abnormal proliferationof the mammary stroma. It was first described in 1986, and very few cases have so far beenreviewed in the literature. We described the case of a 13-years-old teenager with a tumor extendingto all quadrants, none lymph node was observed. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed an oval mass,smooth, categorized as BI-RADS® 3. She underwent to a core biopsy. The histopathologic and immunohistochemicalexamination revealed a pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia. The objective ofthis paper is to report a case of pseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia managed by simple mastectomyand immediate reconstruction using expander. The pathological analyses confirmed the diagnoses ofpseudoangiomatosa stromal hyperplasia. The exchange of the expander for the permanent breast implantoccurred 12 months after mastectomy, as well as the manufacturing of complex areolopapilar.The patient is alive and without evidence of disease after 18 months of the diagnosis.

Hiperplasia adrenal congénita clásica: tratamiento médico y quirúrgico / Congenital clasic adrenal hyperplasia: medical and surgical treatment

Se presenta el caso clínico de una infante de 2 años de edad que nació con genitales ambiguos y fue diagnosticada precozmente en el Hospital Infantil Norte Docente Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira, gracias al Programa de Hiperplasia Adrenal Congénita. Se le realizó una exitosa reconstrucción quirúrgica hacia el sexo femenino y se brindó apoyo psicológico a la familia

The case report of a 2 year-old infant girl is presented who was born with ambiguous genitals and she was early diagnosed at Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Teaching Nothern Pediatric Hospital, thanks to the Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Program. She had a successful surgical reconstruction to the female sex and her family received psychological support

Estudo clínico-patológico de dois casos de hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia clinical patological study of two cases

A hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) é uma lesão microscópica comumente encontrada em biópsias de mama como um achado incidental. Caracteriza-se por uma proliferação das células estromais formando uma complexa rede de canais interligados semelhantes a espaços vasculares delineados por células fusiformes. Na macroscopia, é geralmente uma massa fibrosa, bem delimitada, de coloração branca, e mais raramente pode apresentar-se em forma nodular. Na maioria dos casos, a PASH apresenta um crescimento lento, podendo regredir espontaneamente. O tratamento recomendado pela maioria dos autores é a excisão ampla da lesão, com margens livres para evitar as recorrências locais, que ocorrem com frequência. Essa lesão é benigna, sem casos relatados de transformação maligna, e o prognóstico é bom. Foram relatados neste estudo dois casos de PASH com diferentes apresentações clínicas, chamando a atenção para sua diferenciação de outras lesões benignas, tais como fibroadenoma, tumor filodes, hamartomas, e do tumor maligno angiossarcoma.

The pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a common microscopic lesion that may be found incidentally at breast biopsies, and presents histologically with a proliferation of the stromal cells and slit-like pseudovascular spaces with endothelial-like spindle cells. Macroscopically, this lesion presents as a pale fibroblastic mass, well-circunscribed and, less commonly, may be seen as a palpable nodule. Most PASH lesions grow slowly and may regress spontaneously. The treatment usually consists of wide local excision. PASH has a benign origin, good prognosis and there have been no cases of PASH becoming malignant. We report here two cases of PASH with distinct presentations. It is important to distinguish PASH from other breast tumors like fibroadenoma, phillodes tumor, hamartoma and angiosarcoma.

Efeito da adenotonsilectomia sobre a qualidade de vida de crianças com hiperplasia adenotonsilar / Adenotonsillectomy effect on the life quality of children with adenotonsillar hyperplasia

Introdução: A hiperplasia adenotonsilar é a causa mais comum de obstrução respiratória em crianças originando um grupo variado de anormalidades como ronco e síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono, com elevada reincidência de infecções das vias aéreas superiores e uso frequente de antibióticos. Em certos casos, a adenotonsilectomia é o melhor tratamento. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da adenotonsilectomia na qualidade de vida de crianças com hiperplasia adenotonsilar. Método: Cinquenta e um pais ou responsáveis de crianças submetidas a adenotonsilectomia foram entrevistados 12 a 18 meses após a cirurgia através do questionário sobre qualidade de vida desenvolvido por De Serres et al., que inclui os domínios: sofrimento físico, distúrbios do sono, problemas de fala e deglutição, desconforto emocional, limitação das atividades e preocupação do responsável. Foram incluídos os domínios: prevalência de rinite, episódios de infecções de vias aéreas superiores e uso de antibioticoterapia antes e após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados e Conclusão: Correlacionando-se os domínios entre si, observamos que a adenotonsilectomia melhorou a qualidade de vida das crianças, a longo prazo, em especial entre distúrbios do sono, como diminuição do ronco (4,16±1,47 vs 0,43±0,96; *p< 0,001), significativa queda do número de tonsilites (4,43±1,14 vs 0,61±0,94 *p< 0,001) e menor uso de antibióticos (4,43±1,14 vs 0,59±0,90; p< 0,001), quando comparado antes e após a cirurgia. No entanto, a melhora foi menos significativa em crianças com sintomas de rinite (8,82±1,81 vs 9,71±0,68 *p= 0,007), comparado as crianças sem rinite e em meninos que meninas (9,13±1,48 vs 9,85±0,49; *p= 0,02).

Introduction: The adenotonsillar hyperplasia is the most common cause of breathing obstruction in children and leads to a variable group of abnormalities such as snoring and sleep obstructive apnea syndrome, with a high recurrence of infection in the upper airways and frequent use of antibiotics. In certain cases, the adenotonsillectomy is the best treatment. Objective: To analyze the effects of adenotonsillectomy onto the life quality of children with adenotonsillar hyperplasia. Method: Fifty-one parents of children submitted to adenotonsillectomy were interviewed 12 to 18 months after the surgery, by means of the questionnaire about life quality, developed by De Serres et al., which includes the following domains: physical suffering, sleep disorders, problems of lack of deglutition, emotional discomfort, limitation of activities and parents concerns. The following domains were included: prevalence of rhinitis, episodes of infections of the upper airways and use of antibiotic therapy before and after surgical procedure. Results and Conclusion: By relating the domains, we observed that the adenotonsillectomy improved the children's life quality on a long term basis, 1.47 vs.±specially sleep disorders such as diminishing of snore (4.16 0.96; *p±0.43< 0.001), significant fall on the number of tonsillitis (4.43±1.14 vs. 0.61±0.94 *p< 0,001) and lower use of antibiotics (4.43±1.14 vs. 0.59±0.90; p< 0.001), when compared before and after the surgery. However, the improvement was less significant in children with symptoms of rhinitis ((8.82±1.81 vs. 9.71±0.68 *p= 0.007), compared to children without rhinitis and between boys and girls (9.13±1.48 vs. 9.85±0.49; *p= 0.02).

Hiperplasia fibrosa traumática asociada a implante ortodóncico: reporte de caso / Traumatic fibroseous hiperplasy asociated to orthodontic implant: case report

Los implantes de titanio como anclaje para el movimiento dentario en la práctica ortodontica es una terapia en constante crecimiento en consecuencia del poco tiempo de uso. De esta forma, sus complicaciones no han sido completamente evaluadas. El presente caso representa una complicación asociada a una técnica incorrecta, acentuada por algunas características locales. La resolución final del caso es simple y responde a la indicación quirúrgica (biopsia excisional) para este tipo de situaciones.

Titanium implant used for anchorage to dental movement in orthodontics practice is a growing therapy because its shorter treatment time. Because of this, its complications have not been totally evaluated. The present case reports a complication due an incorrect technique, increased by characteristic of the area. The final resolution of this problem is simple and responses for the surgical indications (excisional biopsy) in this situation.

Gastric polyps: a retrospective analysis of 26, 000 digestive endoscopies

BACKGROUND: Gastric polyps are small gastric lesions, asymptomatic in most cases and are generally discovered inadvertently during upper digestive endoscopy. AIM: To retrospectively review the characteristics and frequency of gastric polyps, derived from the gastric mucosal epithelium in a large series of endoscopies. METHODS: One hundred and fifty three patients in a series of 26,000 consecutive upper digestive endoscopies done over a 5-year period, being that each patient had only one examination were analyzed and their histological and Yamada classification, as well as their location, size, histopathological findings and treatment studied. All patients had at least one gastric polyp, as confirmed by histological examination. RESULTS: The polyps were classified as hyperplastic, adenomatous and fundic gland polyps. The most of them measure less than 1 cm (hyperplastic polyps - 60,5 percent; adenomatous polyps - 73,6 percent; fundic gland polyps - 72 percent). Hyperplastic polyps were the most frequent and accounted for 71.3 percent of the cases, whereas fundic gland polyps accounted for 16.3 percent and adenomatous polyps for 12.4 percent. Hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps were primarily single, whereas fundic gland polyps tended to be multiple. A carcinoma was detected in one hyperplastic polyp (0.9 percent) and in two adenomatous polyps (10.5 percent). High grade dysplastic foci were found in four adenomatous polyps (21 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The digestive endoscopy is the safest and efficient method for the diagnosis of the gastric polyps, that in most of the patients does not show characteristic symptoms. The histopathological definition is not possible to the endoscopic glance being needed the pathologist's aid, once the conduct to be adopted will depend on the result of the biopsy.

RACIONAL: Os pólipos gástricos são pequenas lesões gástricas, assintomáticos na maioria dos casos, e são diagnosticados por acaso durante a endoscopia digestiva alta. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar retrospectivamente as características e freqüência dos pólipos gástricos, oriundos da mucosa gástrica em uma casuística extensa de endoscopias digestivas. MÉTODOS: Cento e cinqüenta e três doentes em uma casuística de 26.000 endoscopias digestivas altas realizadas durante 5 anos, sendo que cada doente realizou apenas um exame, foram analisados quanto às características histopatológicas, classificação de Yamada, localização, tamanho e tratamento. Todos os casos tinham pelo menos um pólipo gástrico, confirmado pelo exame histopatológico de biopsia endoscópica. RESULTADOS: Os pólipos foram classificados como hiperplásicos, adenomatosos e de glândulas fúndicas. A maioria deles era menor que 1 cm (pólipos hiperplásicos - 60,5 por cento; pólipos adenomatosos - 73,6 por cento; pólipos de glândulas fúndicas - 72 por cento). Os pólipos hiperplásicos foram os mais freqüentes e diagnosticados em 71,3 por cento dos casos, enquanto os de glândulas fúndicas somaram 16,3 por cento e os adenomatosos foram 12,4 por cento. Os pólipos hiperplásicos e os adenomatosos, na maioria das vezes, foram únicos, enquanto os de glândulas fúndicas tenderam a ser múltiplos. Carcinoma foram detectados em um pólipo hiperplásico (0,9 por cento) e em dois adenomatosos (10,5 por cento). Focos de displasia de alto grau foram encontrados em quatro pólipos adenomatosos (21 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: A endoscopia digestiva é o método mais seguro e eficiente para o diagnóstico dos pólipos gástricos, que na maioria dos doentes não apresenta sintomas característicos. A definição histopatológica não é possível ao olhar endoscópico, necessitando-se do auxílio do patologista, uma vez que do resultado da biopsia dependerá a conduta a ser adotada.

Primary hyperparathyroidism simulating motor neuron disease: case report

Descrevemos o caso de homem de 26 anos que apresentou síndrome do neurônio motor inferior devido a hiperparatiroidismo. A eletromiografia mostrou aspecto neurogênico com estudos da condução normal. Hipercalcemia levou à descoberta de hiperparatiroidismo primário com hiperplasia da glândula. Após a cirurgia de ressecção da paratiróide, houve regressão dos sintomas neurológicos.